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Pablo Moyano 2020-04-14 00:09:00 +02:00
commit d77eaebfdb
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on:
schedule:
- cron: "0 0 * * *"
jobs:
issue-manager:
runs-on: ubuntu-latest
steps:
- uses: tiangolo/issue-manager@master
with:
token: ${{ secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }}
config: >
{
"answered": {
"users": ["tiangolo"],
"delay": 864000,
"message": "Assuming the original issue was solved, it will be automatically closed now. But feel free to add more comments or create new issues."
}
}

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FROM buildpack-deps:stretch
LABEL maintainer="Sebastian Ramirez <tiangolo@gmail.com>"
# Versions of Nginx and nginx-rtmp-module to use
ENV NGINX_VERSION nginx-1.15.0
ENV NGINX_RTMP_MODULE_VERSION 1.2.1
# Install dependencies
RUN apt-get update && \
apt-get install -y ca-certificates openssl libssl-dev && \
rm -rf /var/lib/apt/lists/*
# Download and decompress Nginx
RUN mkdir -p /tmp/build/nginx && \
cd /tmp/build/nginx && \
wget -O ${NGINX_VERSION}.tar.gz https://nginx.org/download/${NGINX_VERSION}.tar.gz && \
tar -zxf ${NGINX_VERSION}.tar.gz
# Download and decompress RTMP module
RUN mkdir -p /tmp/build/nginx-rtmp-module && \
cd /tmp/build/nginx-rtmp-module && \
wget -O nginx-rtmp-module-${NGINX_RTMP_MODULE_VERSION}.tar.gz https://github.com/arut/nginx-rtmp-module/archive/v${NGINX_RTMP_MODULE_VERSION}.tar.gz && \
tar -zxf nginx-rtmp-module-${NGINX_RTMP_MODULE_VERSION}.tar.gz && \
cd nginx-rtmp-module-${NGINX_RTMP_MODULE_VERSION}
# Build and install Nginx
# The default puts everything under /usr/local/nginx, so it's needed to change
# it explicitly. Not just for order but to have it in the PATH
RUN cd /tmp/build/nginx/${NGINX_VERSION} && \
./configure \
--sbin-path=/usr/local/sbin/nginx \
--conf-path=/etc/nginx/nginx.conf \
--error-log-path=/var/log/nginx/error.log \
--pid-path=/var/run/nginx/nginx.pid \
--lock-path=/var/lock/nginx/nginx.lock \
--http-log-path=/var/log/nginx/access.log \
--http-client-body-temp-path=/tmp/nginx-client-body \
--with-http_ssl_module \
--with-threads \
--with-ipv6 \
--add-module=/tmp/build/nginx-rtmp-module/nginx-rtmp-module-${NGINX_RTMP_MODULE_VERSION} && \
make -j $(getconf _NPROCESSORS_ONLN) && \
make install && \
mkdir /var/lock/nginx && \
rm -rf /tmp/build
# Forward logs to Docker
RUN ln -sf /dev/stdout /var/log/nginx/access.log && \
ln -sf /dev/stderr /var/log/nginx/error.log
# Set up config file
COPY nginx.conf /etc/nginx/nginx.conf
COPY stat.xsl /tmp/stat.xsl
COPY webpage/* /usr/share/nginx/html/
EXPOSE 1935
EXPOSE 80
CMD ["nginx", "-g", "daemon off;"]

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MIT License
Copyright (c) 2016-2018 Sebastián Ramírez
Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights
to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell
copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is
furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in all
copies or substantial portions of the Software.
THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE
SOFTWARE.

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## Supported tags and respective `Dockerfile` links
* [`latest` _(Dockerfile)_](https://github.com/tiangolo/nginx-rtmp-docker/blob/master/Dockerfile)
# nginx-rtmp
[**Docker**](https://www.docker.com/) image with [**Nginx**](http://nginx.org/en/) using the [**nginx-rtmp-module**](https://github.com/arut/nginx-rtmp-module) module for live multimedia (video) streaming.
## Description
This [**Docker**](https://www.docker.com/) image can be used to create an RTMP server for multimedia / video streaming using [**Nginx**](http://nginx.org/en/) and [**nginx-rtmp-module**](https://github.com/arut/nginx-rtmp-module), built from the current latest sources (Nginx 1.15.0 and nginx-rtmp-module 1.2.1).
This was inspired by other similar previous images from [dvdgiessen](https://hub.docker.com/r/dvdgiessen/nginx-rtmp-docker/), [jasonrivers](https://hub.docker.com/r/jasonrivers/nginx-rtmp/), [aevumdecessus](https://hub.docker.com/r/aevumdecessus/docker-nginx-rtmp/) and by an [OBS Studio post](https://obsproject.com/forum/resources/how-to-set-up-your-own-private-rtmp-server-using-nginx.50/).
The main purpose (and test case) to build it was to allow streaming from [**OBS Studio**](https://obsproject.com/) to different clients at the same time.
**GitHub repo**: <https://github.com/tiangolo/nginx-rtmp-docker>
**Docker Hub image**: <https://hub.docker.com/r/tiangolo/nginx-rtmp/>
## Details
## How to use
* For the simplest case, just run a container with this image:
```bash
docker run -d -p 1935:1935 --name nginx-rtmp tiangolo/nginx-rtmp
```
## How to test with OBS Studio and VLC
* Run a container with the command above
* Open [OBS Studio](https://obsproject.com/)
* Click the "Settings" button
* Go to the "Stream" section
* In "Stream Type" select "Custom Streaming Server"
* In the "URL" enter the `rtmp://<ip_of_host>/live` replacing `<ip_of_host>` with the IP of the host in which the container is running. For example: `rtmp://192.168.0.30/live`
* In the "Stream key" use a "key" that will be used later in the client URL to display that specific stream. For example: `test`
* Click the "OK" button
* In the section "Sources" click de "Add" button (`+`) and select a source (for example "Screen Capture") and configure it as you need
* Click the "Start Streaming" button
* Open a [VLC](http://www.videolan.org/vlc/index.html) player (it also works in Raspberry Pi using `omxplayer`)
* Click in the "Media" menu
* Click in "Open Network Stream"
* Enter the URL from above as `rtmp://<ip_of_host>/live/<key>` replacing `<ip_of_host>` with the IP of the host in which the container is running and `<key>` with the key you created in OBS Studio. For example: `rtmp://192.168.0.30/live/test`
* Click "Play"
* Now VLC should start playing whatever you are transmitting from OBS Studio
## Debugging
If something is not working you can check the logs of the container with:
```bash
docker logs nginx-rtmp
```
## Extending
If you need to modify the configurations you can create a file `nginx.conf` and replace the one in this image using a `Dockerfile` that is based on the image, for example:
```Dockerfile
FROM tiangolo/nginx-rtmp
COPY nginx.conf /etc/nginx/nginx.conf
```
The current `nginx.conf` contains:
```Nginx
worker_processes auto;
rtmp_auto_push on;
events {}
rtmp {
server {
listen 1935;
listen [::]:1935 ipv6only=on;
application live {
live on;
record off;
}
}
}
```
You can start from it and modify it as you need. Here's the [documentation related to `nginx-rtmp-module`](https://github.com/arut/nginx-rtmp-module/wiki/Directives).
## Technical details
* This image is built from the same base official images that most of the other official images, as Python, Node, Postgres, Nginx itself, etc. Specifically, [buildpack-deps](https://hub.docker.com/_/buildpack-deps/) which is in turn based on [debian](https://hub.docker.com/_/debian/). So, if you have any other image locally you probably have the base image layers already downloaded.
* It is built from the official sources of **Nginx** and **nginx-rtmp-module** without adding anything else. (Surprisingly, most of the available images that include **nginx-rtmp-module** are made from different sources, old versions or add several other components).
* It has a simple default configuration that should allow you to send one or more streams to it and have several clients receiving multiple copies of those streams simultaneously. (It includes `rtmp_auto_push` and an automatic number of worker processes).
## License
This project is licensed under the terms of the MIT License.

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version: '3'
services:
nginx-rtmp:
build: .
ports:
- 1935:1935
- 80:80

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worker_processes auto;
rtmp_auto_push on;
events {}
rtmp {
server {
listen 1935;
listen [::]:1935 ipv6only=on;
application live {
live on;
hls on;
hls_path /tmp/hls;
}
}
}
http {
server {
autoindex on;
listen 80;
# Frontpage
location / {
root /usr/share/nginx/html/;
}
# This URL provides RTMP statistics in XML
location /stat {
rtmp_stat all;
# Use this stylesheet to view XML as web page
# in browser
rtmp_stat_stylesheet stat.xsl;
}
location /stat.xsl {
# XML stylesheet to view RTMP stats.
# Copy stat.xsl wherever you want
# and put the full directory path here
root /tmp;
}
location /hls {
# Serve HLS fragments
types {
application/vnd.apple.mpegurl m3u8;
video/mp2t ts;
}
root /tmp;
add_header Cache-Control no-cache;
}
}
}

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<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8" ?>
<!--
Copyright (C) Roman Arutyunyan
-->
<xsl:stylesheet version="1.0" xmlns:xsl="http://www.w3.org/1999/XSL/Transform">
<xsl:template match="/">
<html>
<head>
<title>RTMP statistics</title>
</head>
<body>
<xsl:apply-templates select="rtmp"/>
<hr/>
Generated by <a href='https://github.com/arut/nginx-rtmp-module'>
nginx-rtmp-module</a>&#160;<xsl:value-of select="/rtmp/nginx_rtmp_version"/>,
<a href="http://nginx.org">nginx</a>&#160;<xsl:value-of select="/rtmp/nginx_version"/>,
pid <xsl:value-of select="/rtmp/pid"/>,
built <xsl:value-of select="/rtmp/built"/>&#160;<xsl:value-of select="/rtmp/compiler"/>
</body>
</html>
</xsl:template>
<xsl:template match="rtmp">
<table cellspacing="1" cellpadding="5">
<tr bgcolor="#999999">
<th>RTMP</th>
<th>#clients</th>
<th colspan="4">Video</th>
<th colspan="4">Audio</th>
<th>In bytes</th>
<th>Out bytes</th>
<th>In bits/s</th>
<th>Out bits/s</th>
<th>State</th>
<th>Time</th>
</tr>
<tr>
<td colspan="2">Accepted: <xsl:value-of select="naccepted"/></td>
<th bgcolor="#999999">codec</th>
<th bgcolor="#999999">bits/s</th>
<th bgcolor="#999999">size</th>
<th bgcolor="#999999">fps</th>
<th bgcolor="#999999">codec</th>
<th bgcolor="#999999">bits/s</th>
<th bgcolor="#999999">freq</th>
<th bgcolor="#999999">chan</th>
<td>
<xsl:call-template name="showsize">
<xsl:with-param name="size" select="bytes_in"/>
</xsl:call-template>
</td>
<td>
<xsl:call-template name="showsize">
<xsl:with-param name="size" select="bytes_out"/>
</xsl:call-template>
</td>
<td>
<xsl:call-template name="showsize">
<xsl:with-param name="size" select="bw_in"/>
<xsl:with-param name="bits" select="1"/>
<xsl:with-param name="persec" select="1"/>
</xsl:call-template>
</td>
<td>
<xsl:call-template name="showsize">
<xsl:with-param name="size" select="bw_out"/>
<xsl:with-param name="bits" select="1"/>
<xsl:with-param name="persec" select="1"/>
</xsl:call-template>
</td>
<td/>
<td>
<xsl:call-template name="showtime">
<xsl:with-param name="time" select="/rtmp/uptime * 1000"/>
</xsl:call-template>
</td>
</tr>
<xsl:apply-templates select="server"/>
</table>
</xsl:template>
<xsl:template match="server">
<xsl:apply-templates select="application"/>
</xsl:template>
<xsl:template match="application">
<tr bgcolor="#999999">
<td>
<b><xsl:value-of select="name"/></b>
</td>
</tr>
<xsl:apply-templates select="live"/>
<xsl:apply-templates select="play"/>
</xsl:template>
<xsl:template match="live">
<tr bgcolor="#aaaaaa">
<td>
<i>live streams</i>
</td>
<td align="middle">
<xsl:value-of select="nclients"/>
</td>
</tr>
<xsl:apply-templates select="stream"/>
</xsl:template>
<xsl:template match="play">
<tr bgcolor="#aaaaaa">
<td>
<i>vod streams</i>
</td>
<td align="middle">
<xsl:value-of select="nclients"/>
</td>
</tr>
<xsl:apply-templates select="stream"/>
</xsl:template>
<xsl:template match="stream">
<tr valign="top">
<xsl:attribute name="bgcolor">
<xsl:choose>
<xsl:when test="active">#cccccc</xsl:when>
<xsl:otherwise>#dddddd</xsl:otherwise>
</xsl:choose>
</xsl:attribute>
<td>
<a href="">
<xsl:attribute name="onclick">
var d=document.getElementById('<xsl:value-of select="../../name"/>-<xsl:value-of select="name"/>');
d.style.display=d.style.display=='none'?'':'none';
return false
</xsl:attribute>
<xsl:value-of select="name"/>
<xsl:if test="string-length(name) = 0">
[EMPTY]
</xsl:if>
</a>
</td>
<td align="middle"> <xsl:value-of select="nclients"/> </td>
<td>
<xsl:value-of select="meta/video/codec"/>&#160;<xsl:value-of select="meta/video/profile"/>&#160;<xsl:value-of select="meta/video/level"/>
</td>
<td>
<xsl:call-template name="showsize">
<xsl:with-param name="size" select="bw_video"/>
<xsl:with-param name="bits" select="1"/>
<xsl:with-param name="persec" select="1"/>
</xsl:call-template>
</td>
<td>
<xsl:apply-templates select="meta/video/width"/>
</td>
<td>
<xsl:value-of select="meta/video/frame_rate"/>
</td>
<td>
<xsl:value-of select="meta/audio/codec"/>&#160;<xsl:value-of select="meta/audio/profile"/>
</td>
<td>
<xsl:call-template name="showsize">
<xsl:with-param name="size" select="bw_audio"/>
<xsl:with-param name="bits" select="1"/>
<xsl:with-param name="persec" select="1"/>
</xsl:call-template>
</td>
<td>
<xsl:apply-templates select="meta/audio/sample_rate"/>
</td>
<td>
<xsl:value-of select="meta/audio/channels"/>
</td>
<td>
<xsl:call-template name="showsize">
<xsl:with-param name="size" select="bytes_in"/>
</xsl:call-template>
</td>
<td>
<xsl:call-template name="showsize">
<xsl:with-param name="size" select="bytes_out"/>
</xsl:call-template>
</td>
<td>
<xsl:call-template name="showsize">
<xsl:with-param name="size" select="bw_in"/>
<xsl:with-param name="bits" select="1"/>
<xsl:with-param name="persec" select="1"/>
</xsl:call-template>
</td>
<td>
<xsl:call-template name="showsize">
<xsl:with-param name="size" select="bw_out"/>
<xsl:with-param name="bits" select="1"/>
<xsl:with-param name="persec" select="1"/>
</xsl:call-template>
</td>
<td><xsl:call-template name="streamstate"/></td>
<td>
<xsl:call-template name="showtime">
<xsl:with-param name="time" select="time"/>
</xsl:call-template>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="display:none">
<xsl:attribute name="id">
<xsl:value-of select="../../name"/>-<xsl:value-of select="name"/>
</xsl:attribute>
<td colspan="16" ngcolor="#eeeeee">
<table cellspacing="1" cellpadding="5">
<tr>
<th>Id</th>
<th>State</th>
<th>Address</th>
<th>Flash version</th>
<th>Page URL</th>
<th>SWF URL</th>
<th>Dropped</th>
<th>Timestamp</th>
<th>A-V</th>
<th>Time</th>
</tr>
<xsl:apply-templates select="client"/>
</table>
</td>
</tr>
</xsl:template>
<xsl:template name="showtime">
<xsl:param name="time"/>
<xsl:if test="$time &gt; 0">
<xsl:variable name="sec">
<xsl:value-of select="floor($time div 1000)"/>
</xsl:variable>
<xsl:if test="$sec &gt;= 86400">
<xsl:value-of select="floor($sec div 86400)"/>d
</xsl:if>
<xsl:if test="$sec &gt;= 3600">
<xsl:value-of select="(floor($sec div 3600)) mod 24"/>h
</xsl:if>
<xsl:if test="$sec &gt;= 60">
<xsl:value-of select="(floor($sec div 60)) mod 60"/>m
</xsl:if>
<xsl:value-of select="$sec mod 60"/>s
</xsl:if>
</xsl:template>
<xsl:template name="showsize">
<xsl:param name="size"/>
<xsl:param name="bits" select="0" />
<xsl:param name="persec" select="0" />
<xsl:variable name="sizen">
<xsl:value-of select="floor($size div 1024)"/>
</xsl:variable>
<xsl:choose>
<xsl:when test="$sizen &gt;= 1073741824">
<xsl:value-of select="format-number($sizen div 1073741824,'#.###')"/> T</xsl:when>
<xsl:when test="$sizen &gt;= 1048576">
<xsl:value-of select="format-number($sizen div 1048576,'#.###')"/> G</xsl:when>
<xsl:when test="$sizen &gt;= 1024">
<xsl:value-of select="format-number($sizen div 1024,'#.##')"/> M</xsl:when>
<xsl:when test="$sizen &gt;= 0">
<xsl:value-of select="$sizen"/> K</xsl:when>
</xsl:choose>
<xsl:if test="string-length($size) &gt; 0">
<xsl:choose>
<xsl:when test="$bits = 1">b</xsl:when>
<xsl:otherwise>B</xsl:otherwise>
</xsl:choose>
<xsl:if test="$persec = 1">/s</xsl:if>
</xsl:if>
</xsl:template>
<xsl:template name="streamstate">
<xsl:choose>
<xsl:when test="active">active</xsl:when>
<xsl:otherwise>idle</xsl:otherwise>
</xsl:choose>
</xsl:template>
<xsl:template name="clientstate">
<xsl:choose>
<xsl:when test="publishing">publishing</xsl:when>
<xsl:otherwise>playing</xsl:otherwise>
</xsl:choose>
</xsl:template>
<xsl:template match="client">
<tr>
<xsl:attribute name="bgcolor">
<xsl:choose>
<xsl:when test="publishing">#cccccc</xsl:when>
<xsl:otherwise>#eeeeee</xsl:otherwise>
</xsl:choose>
</xsl:attribute>
<td><xsl:value-of select="id"/></td>
<td><xsl:call-template name="clientstate"/></td>
<td>
<a target="_blank">
<xsl:attribute name="href">
http://apps.db.ripe.net/search/query.html&#63;searchtext=<xsl:value-of select="address"/>
</xsl:attribute>
<xsl:attribute name="title">whois</xsl:attribute>
<xsl:value-of select="address"/>
</a>
</td>
<td><xsl:value-of select="flashver"/></td>
<td>
<a target="_blank">
<xsl:attribute name="href">
<xsl:value-of select="pageurl"/>
</xsl:attribute>
<xsl:value-of select="pageurl"/>
</a>
</td>
<td><xsl:value-of select="swfurl"/></td>
<td><xsl:value-of select="dropped"/></td>
<td><xsl:value-of select="timestamp"/></td>
<td><xsl:value-of select="avsync"/></td>
<td>
<xsl:call-template name="showtime">
<xsl:with-param name="time" select="time"/>
</xsl:call-template>
</td>
</tr>
</xsl:template>
<xsl:template match="publishing">
publishing
</xsl:template>
<xsl:template match="active">
active
</xsl:template>
<xsl:template match="width">
<xsl:value-of select="."/>x<xsl:value-of select="../height"/>
</xsl:template>
</xsl:stylesheet>

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# editorconfig.org
root = true
[*]
charset = utf-8
indent_size = 2
indent_style = space
insert_final_newline = true
trim_trailing_whitespace = true

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## GITATTRIBUTES FOR WEB PROJECTS
#
# These settings are for any web project.
#
# Details per file setting:
# text These files should be normalized (i.e. convert CRLF to LF).
# binary These files are binary and should be left untouched.
#
# Note that binary is a macro for -text -diff.
######################################################################
## AUTO-DETECT
## Handle line endings automatically for files detected as
## text and leave all files detected as binary untouched.
## This will handle all files NOT defined below.
* text=auto
## SOURCE CODE
*.bat text eol=crlf
*.coffee text
*.css text
*.htm text
*.html text
*.inc text
*.ini text
*.js text
*.json text
*.jsx text
*.less text
*.od text
*.onlydata text
*.php text
*.pl text
*.py text
*.rb text
*.sass text
*.scm text
*.scss text
*.sh text eol=lf
*.sql text
*.styl text
*.tag text
*.ts text
*.tsx text
*.xml text
*.xhtml text
## DOCKER
*.dockerignore text
Dockerfile text
## DOCUMENTATION
*.markdown text
*.md text
*.mdwn text
*.mdown text
*.mkd text
*.mkdn text
*.mdtxt text
*.mdtext text
*.txt text
AUTHORS text
CHANGELOG text
CHANGES text
CONTRIBUTING text
COPYING text
copyright text
*COPYRIGHT* text
INSTALL text
license text
LICENSE text
NEWS text
readme text
*README* text
TODO text
## TEMPLATES
*.dot text
*.ejs text
*.haml text
*.handlebars text
*.hbs text
*.hbt text
*.jade text
*.latte text
*.mustache text
*.njk text
*.phtml text
*.tmpl text
*.tpl text
*.twig text
## LINTERS
.babelrc text
.csslintrc text
.eslintrc text
.htmlhintrc text
.jscsrc text
.jshintrc text
.jshintignore text
.prettierrc text
.stylelintrc text
## CONFIGS
*.bowerrc text
*.cnf text
*.conf text
*.config text
.browserslistrc text
.editorconfig text
.gitattributes text
.gitconfig text
.gitignore text
.htaccess text
*.npmignore text
*.yaml text
*.yml text
browserslist text
Makefile text
makefile text
## HEROKU
Procfile text
.slugignore text
## GRAPHICS
*.ai binary
*.bmp binary
*.eps binary
*.gif binary
*.ico binary
*.jng binary
*.jp2 binary
*.jpg binary
*.jpeg binary
*.jpx binary
*.jxr binary
*.pdf binary
*.png binary
*.psb binary
*.psd binary
*.svg text
*.svgz binary
*.tif binary
*.tiff binary
*.wbmp binary
*.webp binary
## AUDIO
*.kar binary
*.m4a binary
*.mid binary
*.midi binary
*.mp3 binary
*.ogg binary
*.ra binary
## VIDEO
*.3gpp binary
*.3gp binary
*.as binary
*.asf binary
*.asx binary
*.fla binary
*.flv binary
*.m4v binary
*.mng binary
*.mov binary
*.mp4 binary
*.mpeg binary
*.mpg binary
*.ogv binary
*.swc binary
*.swf binary
*.webm binary
## ARCHIVES
*.7z binary
*.gz binary
*.jar binary
*.rar binary
*.tar binary
*.zip binary
## FONTS
*.ttf binary
*.eot binary
*.otf binary
*.woff binary
*.woff2 binary
## EXECUTABLES
*.exe binary
*.pyc binary

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# Include your project-specific ignores in this file
# Read about how to use .gitignore: https://help.github.com/articles/ignoring-files
# Useful .gitignore templates: https://github.com/github/gitignore

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<!doctype html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<meta charset="utf-8">
<title>Page Not Found</title>
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1">
<style>
* {
line-height: 1.2;
margin: 0;
}
html {
color: #888;
display: table;
font-family: sans-serif;
height: 100%;
text-align: center;
width: 100%;
}
body {
display: table-cell;
vertical-align: middle;
margin: 2em auto;
}
h1 {
color: #555;
font-size: 2em;
font-weight: 400;
}
p {
margin: 0 auto;
width: 280px;
}
@media only screen and (max-width: 280px) {
body,
p {
width: 95%;
}
h1 {
font-size: 1.5em;
margin: 0 0 0.3em;
}
}
</style>
</head>
<body>
<h1>Page Not Found</h1>
<p>Sorry, but the page you were trying to view does not exist.</p>
</body>
</html>
<!-- IE needs 512+ bytes: https://blogs.msdn.microsoft.com/ieinternals/2010/08/18/friendly-http-error-pages/ -->

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Copyright (c) HTML5 Boilerplate
Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy of
this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal in
the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights to
use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell copies
of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is furnished to do
so, subject to the following conditions:
The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in all
copies or substantial portions of the Software.
THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE
SOFTWARE.

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<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<!-- Please read: https://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/ie/dn455106.aspx -->
<browserconfig>
<msapplication>
<tile>
<square70x70logo src="tile.png"/>
<square150x150logo src="tile.png"/>
<wide310x150logo src="tile-wide.png"/>
<square310x310logo src="tile.png"/>
</tile>
</msapplication>
</browserconfig>

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/*! HTML5 Boilerplate v7.3.0 | MIT License | https://html5boilerplate.com/ */
/* main.css 2.0.0 | MIT License | https://github.com/h5bp/main.css#readme */
/*
* What follows is the result of much research on cross-browser styling.
* Credit left inline and big thanks to Nicolas Gallagher, Jonathan Neal,
* Kroc Camen, and the H5BP dev community and team.
*/
/* ==========================================================================
Base styles: opinionated defaults
========================================================================== */
html {
color: #222;
font-size: 1em;
line-height: 1.4;
}
/*
* Remove text-shadow in selection highlight:
* https://twitter.com/miketaylr/status/12228805301
*
* Vendor-prefixed and regular ::selection selectors cannot be combined:
* https://stackoverflow.com/a/16982510/7133471
*
* Customize the background color to match your design.
*/
::-moz-selection {
background: #b3d4fc;
text-shadow: none;
}
::selection {
background: #b3d4fc;
text-shadow: none;
}
/*
* A better looking default horizontal rule
*/
hr {
display: block;
height: 1px;
border: 0;
border-top: 1px solid #ccc;
margin: 1em 0;
padding: 0;
}
/*
* Remove the gap between audio, canvas, iframes,
* images, videos and the bottom of their containers:
* https://github.com/h5bp/html5-boilerplate/issues/440
*/
audio,
canvas,
iframe,
img,
svg,
video {
vertical-align: middle;
}
/*
* Remove default fieldset styles.
*/
fieldset {
border: 0;
margin: 0;
padding: 0;
}
/*
* Allow only vertical resizing of textareas.
*/
textarea {
resize: vertical;
}
/* ==========================================================================
Browser Upgrade Prompt
========================================================================== */
.browserupgrade {
margin: 0.2em 0;
background: #ccc;
color: #000;
padding: 0.2em 0;
}
/* ==========================================================================
Author's custom styles
========================================================================== */
/* ==========================================================================
Helper classes
========================================================================== */
/*
* Hide visually and from screen readers
*/
.hidden {
display: none !important;
}
/*
* Hide only visually, but have it available for screen readers:
* https://snook.ca/archives/html_and_css/hiding-content-for-accessibility
*
* 1. For long content, line feeds are not interpreted as spaces and small width
* causes content to wrap 1 word per line:
* https://medium.com/@jessebeach/beware-smushed-off-screen-accessible-text-5952a4c2cbfe
*/
.sr-only {
border: 0;
clip: rect(0, 0, 0, 0);
height: 1px;
margin: -1px;
overflow: hidden;
padding: 0;
position: absolute;
white-space: nowrap;
width: 1px;
/* 1 */
}
/*
* Extends the .sr-only class to allow the element
* to be focusable when navigated to via the keyboard:
* https://www.drupal.org/node/897638
*/
.sr-only.focusable:active,
.sr-only.focusable:focus {
clip: auto;
height: auto;
margin: 0;
overflow: visible;
position: static;
white-space: inherit;
width: auto;
}
/*
* Hide visually and from screen readers, but maintain layout
*/
.invisible {
visibility: hidden;
}
/*
* Clearfix: contain floats
*
* For modern browsers
* 1. The space content is one way to avoid an Opera bug when the
* `contenteditable` attribute is included anywhere else in the document.
* Otherwise it causes space to appear at the top and bottom of elements
* that receive the `clearfix` class.
* 2. The use of `table` rather than `block` is only necessary if using
* `:before` to contain the top-margins of child elements.
*/
.clearfix:before,
.clearfix:after {
content: " ";
/* 1 */
display: table;
/* 2 */
}
.clearfix:after {
clear: both;
}
/* ==========================================================================
EXAMPLE Media Queries for Responsive Design.
These examples override the primary ('mobile first') styles.
Modify as content requires.
========================================================================== */
@media only screen and (min-width: 35em) {
/* Style adjustments for viewports that meet the condition */
}
@media print,
(-webkit-min-device-pixel-ratio: 1.25),
(min-resolution: 1.25dppx),
(min-resolution: 120dpi) {
/* Style adjustments for high resolution devices */
}
/* ==========================================================================
Print styles.
Inlined to avoid the additional HTTP request:
https://www.phpied.com/delay-loading-your-print-css/
========================================================================== */
@media print {
*,
*:before,
*:after {
background: transparent !important;
color: #000 !important;
/* Black prints faster */
box-shadow: none !important;
text-shadow: none !important;
}
a,
a:visited {
text-decoration: underline;
}
a[href]:after {
content: " (" attr(href) ")";
}
abbr[title]:after {
content: " (" attr(title) ")";
}
/*
* Don't show links that are fragment identifiers,
* or use the `javascript:` pseudo protocol
*/
a[href^="#"]:after,
a[href^="javascript:"]:after {
content: "";
}
pre {
white-space: pre-wrap !important;
}
pre,
blockquote {
border: 1px solid #999;
page-break-inside: avoid;
}
/*
* Printing Tables:
* https://web.archive.org/web/20180815150934/http://css-discuss.incutio.com/wiki/Printing_Tables
*/
thead {
display: table-header-group;
}
tr,
img {
page-break-inside: avoid;
}
p,
h2,
h3 {
orphans: 3;
widows: 3;
}
h2,
h3 {
page-break-after: avoid;
}
}

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/*! normalize.css v8.0.1 | MIT License | github.com/necolas/normalize.css */
/* Document
========================================================================== */
/**
* 1. Correct the line height in all browsers.
* 2. Prevent adjustments of font size after orientation changes in iOS.
*/
html {
line-height: 1.15; /* 1 */
-webkit-text-size-adjust: 100%; /* 2 */
}
/* Sections
========================================================================== */
/**
* Remove the margin in all browsers.
*/
body {
margin: 0;
}
/**
* Render the `main` element consistently in IE.
*/
main {
display: block;
}
/**
* Correct the font size and margin on `h1` elements within `section` and
* `article` contexts in Chrome, Firefox, and Safari.
*/
h1 {
font-size: 2em;
margin: 0.67em 0;
}
/* Grouping content
========================================================================== */
/**
* 1. Add the correct box sizing in Firefox.
* 2. Show the overflow in Edge and IE.
*/
hr {
box-sizing: content-box; /* 1 */
height: 0; /* 1 */
overflow: visible; /* 2 */
}
/**
* 1. Correct the inheritance and scaling of font size in all browsers.
* 2. Correct the odd `em` font sizing in all browsers.
*/
pre {
font-family: monospace, monospace; /* 1 */
font-size: 1em; /* 2 */
}
/* Text-level semantics
========================================================================== */
/**
* Remove the gray background on active links in IE 10.
*/
a {
background-color: transparent;
}
/**
* 1. Remove the bottom border in Chrome 57-
* 2. Add the correct text decoration in Chrome, Edge, IE, Opera, and Safari.
*/
abbr[title] {
border-bottom: none; /* 1 */
text-decoration: underline; /* 2 */
text-decoration: underline dotted; /* 2 */
}
/**
* Add the correct font weight in Chrome, Edge, and Safari.
*/
b,
strong {
font-weight: bolder;
}
/**
* 1. Correct the inheritance and scaling of font size in all browsers.
* 2. Correct the odd `em` font sizing in all browsers.
*/
code,
kbd,
samp {
font-family: monospace, monospace; /* 1 */
font-size: 1em; /* 2 */
}
/**
* Add the correct font size in all browsers.
*/
small {
font-size: 80%;
}
/**
* Prevent `sub` and `sup` elements from affecting the line height in
* all browsers.
*/
sub,
sup {
font-size: 75%;
line-height: 0;
position: relative;
vertical-align: baseline;
}
sub {
bottom: -0.25em;
}
sup {
top: -0.5em;
}
/* Embedded content
========================================================================== */
/**
* Remove the border on images inside links in IE 10.
*/
img {
border-style: none;
}
/* Forms
========================================================================== */
/**
* 1. Change the font styles in all browsers.
* 2. Remove the margin in Firefox and Safari.
*/
button,
input,
optgroup,
select,
textarea {
font-family: inherit; /* 1 */
font-size: 100%; /* 1 */
line-height: 1.15; /* 1 */
margin: 0; /* 2 */
}
/**
* Show the overflow in IE.
* 1. Show the overflow in Edge.
*/
button,
input { /* 1 */
overflow: visible;
}
/**
* Remove the inheritance of text transform in Edge, Firefox, and IE.
* 1. Remove the inheritance of text transform in Firefox.
*/
button,
select { /* 1 */
text-transform: none;
}
/**
* Correct the inability to style clickable types in iOS and Safari.
*/
button,
[type="button"],
[type="reset"],
[type="submit"] {
-webkit-appearance: button;
}
/**
* Remove the inner border and padding in Firefox.
*/
button::-moz-focus-inner,
[type="button"]::-moz-focus-inner,
[type="reset"]::-moz-focus-inner,
[type="submit"]::-moz-focus-inner {
border-style: none;
padding: 0;
}
/**
* Restore the focus styles unset by the previous rule.
*/
button:-moz-focusring,
[type="button"]:-moz-focusring,
[type="reset"]:-moz-focusring,
[type="submit"]:-moz-focusring {
outline: 1px dotted ButtonText;
}
/**
* Correct the padding in Firefox.
*/
fieldset {
padding: 0.35em 0.75em 0.625em;
}
/**
* 1. Correct the text wrapping in Edge and IE.
* 2. Correct the color inheritance from `fieldset` elements in IE.
* 3. Remove the padding so developers are not caught out when they zero out
* `fieldset` elements in all browsers.
*/
legend {
box-sizing: border-box; /* 1 */
color: inherit; /* 2 */
display: table; /* 1 */
max-width: 100%; /* 1 */
padding: 0; /* 3 */
white-space: normal; /* 1 */
}
/**
* Add the correct vertical alignment in Chrome, Firefox, and Opera.
*/
progress {
vertical-align: baseline;
}
/**
* Remove the default vertical scrollbar in IE 10+.
*/
textarea {
overflow: auto;
}
/**
* 1. Add the correct box sizing in IE 10.
* 2. Remove the padding in IE 10.
*/
[type="checkbox"],
[type="radio"] {
box-sizing: border-box; /* 1 */
padding: 0; /* 2 */
}
/**
* Correct the cursor style of increment and decrement buttons in Chrome.
*/
[type="number"]::-webkit-inner-spin-button,
[type="number"]::-webkit-outer-spin-button {
height: auto;
}
/**
* 1. Correct the odd appearance in Chrome and Safari.
* 2. Correct the outline style in Safari.
*/
[type="search"] {
-webkit-appearance: textfield; /* 1 */
outline-offset: -2px; /* 2 */
}
/**
* Remove the inner padding in Chrome and Safari on macOS.
*/
[type="search"]::-webkit-search-decoration {
-webkit-appearance: none;
}
/**
* 1. Correct the inability to style clickable types in iOS and Safari.
* 2. Change font properties to `inherit` in Safari.
*/
::-webkit-file-upload-button {
-webkit-appearance: button; /* 1 */
font: inherit; /* 2 */
}
/* Interactive
========================================================================== */
/*
* Add the correct display in Edge, IE 10+, and Firefox.
*/
details {
display: block;
}
/*
* Add the correct display in all browsers.
*/
summary {
display: list-item;
}
/* Misc
========================================================================== */
/**
* Add the correct display in IE 10+.
*/
template {
display: none;
}
/**
* Add the correct display in IE 10.
*/
[hidden] {
display: none;
}

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[HTML5 Boilerplate homepage](https://html5boilerplate.com/)
## Getting started
* [Usage](usage.md) — Overview of the project contents.
* [FAQ](faq.md) — Frequently asked questions along with their answers.
## HTML5 Boilerplate core
* [HTML](html.md) — Guide to the default HTML.
* [CSS](css.md) — Guide to the default CSS.
* [JavaScript](js.md) — Guide to the default JavaScript.
* [Everything else](misc.md).
## Development
* [Extending and customizing HTML5 Boilerplate](extend.md) — Going further
with the boilerplate.
## Related projects
The [H5BP organization](https://github.com/h5bp) maintains several projects
that complement HTML5 Boilerplate, projects that can help you improve different
aspects of your website/web app (e.g.: the performance, security, etc.).
* [Server Configs](https://github.com/h5bp/server-configs) — Fast and
smart configurations for web servers such as Apache and Nginx.
* [Apache](https://github.com/h5bp/server-configs-apache)
* [Google App Engine (GAE)](https://github.com/h5bp/server-configs-gae)
* [Internet Information Services (IIS)](https://github.com/h5bp/server-configs-iis)
* [lighttpd](https://github.com/h5bp/server-configs-lighttpd)
* [Nginx](https://github.com/h5bp/server-configs-nginx)
* [Node.js](https://github.com/h5bp/server-configs-node)
* [Front-end Developer Interview Questions](https://github.com/h5bp/Front-end-Developer-Interview-Questions)

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[HTML5 Boilerplate homepage](https://html5boilerplate.com/) | [Documentation
table of contents](TOC.md)
# The CSS
HTML5 Boilerplate's CSS includes:
* [Normalize.css](#normalizecss)
* [main.css](#maincss)
This starting CSS does not rely on the presence of
[conditional class names](https://www.paulirish.com/2008/conditional-stylesheets-vs-css-hacks-answer-neither/),
[conditional style sheets](https://css-tricks.com/how-to-create-an-ie-only-stylesheet/),
or [Modernizr](https://modernizr.com/), and it is ready to use no matter what
your development preferences happen to be.
## Normalize.css
In order to make browsers render all elements more consistently and in line
with modern standards, we include Normalize.css — a modern, HTML5-ready
alternative to CSS resets.
As opposed to CSS resets, Normalize.css:
* targets only the styles that need normalizing
* preserves useful browser defaults rather than erasing them
* corrects bugs and common browser inconsistencies
* improves usability with subtle improvements
* doesn't clutter the debugging tools
* has better documentation
For more information about Normalize.css, please refer to its [project
page](https://necolas.github.io/normalize.css/).
## main.css
Several base styles are included that build upon `Normalize.css`. These
styles:
* provide basic typography settings that improve text readability
* protect against unwanted `text-shadow` during text highlighting
* tweak the default alignment of some elements (e.g.: `img`, `video`,
`fieldset`, `textarea`)
* style the prompt that is displayed to users using an outdated browser
* and more...
These styles are included in [main.css](https://github.com/h5bp/html5-boilerplate/blob/master/dist/css/main.css). See the [main.css](https://github.com/h5bp/main.css) project [documentation](https://github.com/h5bp/main.css/blob/master/README.md#features) for a full discussion of these styles.

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[HTML5 Boilerplate homepage](https://html5boilerplate.com) | [Documentation
table of contents](TOC.md)
# Extend and customise HTML5 Boilerplate
Here is some useful advice for how you can make your project with HTML5
Boilerplate even better. We don't want to include it all by default, as
not everything fits with everyone's needs.
* [App Stores](#app-stores)
* [DNS prefetching](#dns-prefetching)
* [Google Universal Analytics](#google-universal-analytics)
* [Internet Explorer](#internet-explorer)
* [Miscellaneous](#miscellaneous)
* [News Feeds](#news-feeds)
* [Search](#search)
* [Social Networks](#social-networks)
* [URLs](#urls)
* [Web Apps](#web-apps)
* [security.txt](#security.txt)
## App Stores
### Smart App Banners in iOS 6+ Safari
Stop bothering everyone with gross modals advertising your entry in the
App Store. Including the following [meta tag](https://developer.apple.com/library/content/documentation/AppleApplications/Reference/SafariWebContent/PromotingAppswithAppBanners/PromotingAppswithAppBanners.html) will unobtrusively give the user the option to download your iOS app, or open it with some data about the user's current state on the website.
```html
<meta name="apple-itunes-app" content="app-id=APP_ID,app-argument=SOME_TEXT">
```
## DNS prefetching
In short, DNS Prefetching is a method of informing the browser of domain names
referenced on a site so that the client can resolve the DNS for those hosts,
cache them, and when it comes time to use them, have a faster turn around on
the request.
### Implicit prefetches
There is a lot of prefetching done for you automatically by the browser. When
the browser encounters an anchor in your html that does not share the same
domain name as the current location the browser requests, from the client OS,
the IP address for this new domain. The client first checks its cache and
then, lacking a cached copy, makes a request from a DNS server. These requests
happen in the background and are not meant to block the rendering of the
page.
The goal of this is that when the foreign IP address is finally needed it will
already be in the client cache and will not block the loading of the foreign
content. Fewer requests result in faster page load times. The perception of this
is increased on a mobile platform where DNS latency can be greater.
#### Disable implicit prefetching
```html
<meta http-equiv="x-dns-prefetch-control" content="off">
```
Even with X-DNS-Prefetch-Control meta tag (or http header) browsers will still
prefetch any explicit dns-prefetch links.
**_WARNING:_** THIS MAY MAKE YOUR SITE SLOWER IF YOU RELY ON RESOURCES FROM
FOREIGN DOMAINS.
### Explicit prefetches
Typically the browser only scans the HTML for foreign domains. If you have
resources that are outside of your HTML (a javascript request to a remote
server or a CDN that hosts content that may not be present on every page of
your site, for example) then you can queue up a domain name to be prefetched.
```html
<link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//example.com">
<link rel="dns-prefetch" href="https://ajax.googleapis.com">
```
You can use as many of these as you need, but it's best if they are all
immediately after the [Meta
Charset](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/HTML/Element/meta#attr-charset)
element (which should go right at the top of the `head`), so the browser can
act on them ASAP.
#### Common Prefetch Links
Amazon S3:
```html
<link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//s3.amazonaws.com">
```
Google APIs:
```html
<link rel="dns-prefetch" href="https://ajax.googleapis.com">
```
Microsoft Ajax Content Delivery Network:
```html
<link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//ajax.microsoft.com">
<link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//ajax.aspnetcdn.com">
```
### Further reading about DNS prefetching
* https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/HTTP/Headers/X-DNS-Prefetch-Control
* https://dev.chromium.org/developers/design-documents/dns-prefetching
* https://blogs.msdn.microsoft.com/ie/2011/03/17/internet-explorer-9-network-performance-improvements/
## Google Universal Analytics
### More tracking settings
The [optimized Google Universal Analytics
snippet](https://mathiasbynens.be/notes/async-analytics-snippet#universal-analytics)
included with HTML5 Boilerplate includes something like this:
```js
ga('create', 'UA-XXXXX-X', 'auto'); ga('send', 'pageview');
```
To customize further, see Google's [Advanced
Setup](https://developers.google.com/analytics/devguides/collection/analyticsjs/),
[Pageview](https://developers.google.com/analytics/devguides/collection/analyticsjs/pages),
and [Event](https://developers.google.com/analytics/devguides/collection/analyticsjs/events) Docs.
### Anonymize IP addresses
In some countries, no personal data may be transferred outside jurisdictions
that do not have similarly strict laws (i.e. from Germany to outside the EU).
Thus a webmaster using the Google Universal Analytics may have to ensure that
no personal (trackable) data is transferred to the US. You can do that with
[the `ga('set', 'anonymizeIp', true);`
parameter](https://developers.google.com/analytics/devguides/collection/analyticsjs/advanced#anonymizeip)
before sending any events/pageviews. In use it looks like this:
```js
ga('create', 'UA-XXXXX-X', 'auto');
ga('set', 'anonymizeIp', true);
ga('send', 'pageview');
```
### Track jQuery AJAX requests in Google Analytics
An article by @JangoSteve explains how to [track jQuery AJAX requests in Google
Analytics](https://www.alfajango.com/blog/track-jquery-ajax-requests-in-google-analytics/).
Add this to `plugins.js`:
```js
/*
* Log all jQuery AJAX requests to Google Analytics
* See: https://www.alfajango.com/blog/track-jquery-ajax-requests-in-google-analytics/
*/
if (typeof ga !== "undefined" && ga !== null) {
$(document).ajaxSend(function(event, xhr, settings){
ga('send', 'pageview', settings.url);
});
}
```
### Track JavaScript errors in Google Analytics
Add this function after `ga` is defined:
```js
(function(window){
var undefined,
link = function (href) {
var a = window.document.createElement('a');
a.href = href;
return a;
};
window.onerror = function (message, file, line, column) {
var host = link(file).hostname;
ga('send', {
'hitType': 'event',
'eventCategory': (host == window.location.hostname || host == undefined || host == '' ? '' : 'external ') + 'error',
'eventAction': message,
'eventLabel': (file + ' LINE: ' + line + (column ? ' COLUMN: ' + column : '')).trim(),
'nonInteraction': 1
});
};
}(window));
```
### Track page scroll
Add this function after `ga` is defined:
```js
$(function(){
var isDuplicateScrollEvent,
scrollTimeStart = new Date,
$window = $(window),
$document = $(document),
scrollPercent;
$window.scroll(function() {
scrollPercent = Math.round(100 * ($window.height() + $window.scrollTop())/$document.height());
if (scrollPercent > 90 && !isDuplicateScrollEvent) { //page scrolled to 90%
isDuplicateScrollEvent = 1;
ga('send', 'event', 'scroll',
'Window: ' + $window.height() + 'px; Document: ' + $document.height() + 'px; Time: ' + Math.round((new Date - scrollTimeStart )/1000,1) + 's'
);
}
});
});
```
## Internet Explorer
### IE Pinned Sites
Enabling your application for pinning will allow IE users to add it to their
Windows Taskbar and Start Menu. This comes with a range of new tools that you
can easily configure with the elements below. See more [documentation on IE
Pinned Sites](https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/previous-versions/windows/internet-explorer/ie-developer/samples/gg491731(v%3dvs.85)).
### Name the Pinned Site for Windows
Without this rule, Windows will use the page title as the name for your
application.
```html
<meta name="application-name" content="Sample Title">
```
### Give your Pinned Site a tooltip
You know — a tooltip. A little textbox that appears when the user holds their
mouse over your Pinned Site's icon.
```html
<meta name="msapplication-tooltip" content="A description of what this site does.">
```
### Set a default page for your Pinned Site
If the site should go to a specific URL when it is pinned (such as the
homepage), enter it here. One idea is to send it to a special URL so you can
track the number of pinned users, like so:
`https://www.example.com/index.html?pinned=true`
```html
<meta name="msapplication-starturl" content="https://www.example.com/index.html?pinned=true">
```
### Recolor IE's controls manually for a Pinned Site
IE will automatically use the overall color of your Pinned Site's favicon to
shade its browser buttons. UNLESS you give it another color here. Only use
named colors (`red`) or hex colors (`#ff0000`).
```html
<meta name="msapplication-navbutton-color" content="#ff0000">
```
### Manually set the window size of a Pinned Site
If the site should open at a certain window size once pinned, you can specify
the dimensions here. It only supports static pixel dimensions. 800x600
minimum.
```html
<meta name="msapplication-window" content="width=800;height=600">
```
### Jump List "Tasks" for Pinned Sites
Add Jump List Tasks that will appear when the Pinned Site's icon gets a
right-click. Each Task goes to the specified URL, and gets its own mini icon
(essentially a favicon, a 16x16 .ICO). You can add as many of these as you
need.
```html
<meta name="msapplication-task" content="name=Task 1;action-uri=http://host/Page1.html;icon-uri=http://host/icon1.ico">
<meta name="msapplication-task" content="name=Task 2;action-uri=http://microsoft.com/Page2.html;icon-uri=http://host/icon2.ico">
```
### (Windows 8) High quality visuals for Pinned Sites
Windows 8 adds the ability for you to provide a PNG tile image and specify the
tile's background color. [Full details on the IE
blog](https://blogs.msdn.microsoft.com/ie/2012/06/08/high-quality-visuals-for-pinned-sites-in-windows-8/).
* Create a 144x144 image of your site icon, filling all of the canvas, and
using a transparent background.
* Save this image as a 32-bit PNG and optimize it without reducing
colour-depth. It can be named whatever you want (e.g. `metro-tile.png`).
* To reference the tile and its color, add the HTML `meta` elements described
in the IE Blog post.
### (Windows 8) Badges for Pinned Sites
IE will poll an XML document for badge information to display on your app's
tile in the Start screen. The user will be able to receive these badge updates
even when your app isn't actively running. The badge's value can be a number,
or one of a predefined list of glyphs.
* [Tutorial on IEBlog with link to badge XML schema](https://blogs.msdn.microsoft.com/ie/2012/04/03/pinned-sites-in-windows-8/)
* [Available badge values](https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/uwp/schemas/tiles/badgeschema/element-badge)
```html
<meta name="msapplication-badge" value="frequency=NUMBER_IN_MINUTES;polling-uri=https://www.example.com/path/to/file.xml">
```
### Disable link highlighting upon tap in IE10
Similar to [-webkit-tap-highlight-color](https://davidwalsh.name/mobile-highlight-color)
in iOS Safari. Unlike that CSS property, this is an HTML meta element, and its
value is boolean rather than a color. It's all or nothing.
```html
<meta name="msapplication-tap-highlight" content="no" />
```
You can read about this useful element and more techniques in
[Microsoft's documentation on adapting WebKit-oriented apps for IE10](https://blogs.windows.com/buildingapps/2012/11/15/adapting-your-webkit-optimized-site-for-internet-explorer-10/)
## Search
### Direct search spiders to your sitemap
After creating a [sitemap](https://www.sitemaps.org/protocol.html)
Submit it to search engine tool:
* [Google](https://www.google.com/webmasters/tools/sitemap-list)
* [Bing](https://www.bing.com/toolbox/webmaster)
* [Yandex](https://webmaster.yandex.com/)
* [Baidu](https://zhanzhang.baidu.com/)
OR
Insert the following line anywhere in your robots.txt file, specifying the path to your sitemap:
```
Sitemap: https://example.com/sitemap_location.xml
```
### Hide pages from search engines
According to Heather Champ, former community manager at Flickr, you should not
allow search engines to index your "Contact Us" or "Complaints" page if you
value your sanity. This is an HTML-centric way of achieving that.
```html
<meta name="robots" content="noindex">
```
**_WARNING:_** DO NOT INCLUDE ON PAGES THAT SHOULD APPEAR IN SEARCH ENGINES.
### Firefox and IE Search Plugins
Sites with in-site search functionality should be strongly considered for a
browser search plugin. A "search plugin" is an XML file which defines how your
plugin behaves in the browser. [How to make a browser search
plugin](https://www.google.com/search?ie=UTF-8&q=how+to+make+browser+search+plugin).
```html
<link rel="search" title="" type="application/opensearchdescription+xml" href="">
```
## Miscellaneous
* Use [polyfills](https://github.com/Modernizr/Modernizr/wiki/HTML5-Cross-browser-Polyfills).
* Use [Microformats](http://microformats.org/wiki/Main_Page) (via
[microdata](http://microformats.org/wiki/microdata)) for optimum search
results
[visibility](https://webmasters.googleblog.com/2009/05/introducing-rich-snippets.html).
* If you're building a web app you may want [native style momentum scrolling in
iOS 5+](https://www.johanbrook.com/writings/native-style-momentum-scrolling-to-arrive-in-ios-5/)
using `-webkit-overflow-scrolling: touch`.
* If you want to disable the translation prompt in Chrome or block Google
Translate from translating your web page, use [`<meta name="google"
content="notranslate">`](https://support.google.com/webmasters/answer/79812).
To disable translation for a particular section of the web page, add
[`class="notranslate"`](https://support.google.com/translate/?hl=en#2641276).
* If you want to disable the automatic detection and formatting of possible
phone numbers in Safari on iOS, use [`<meta name="format-detection"
content="telephone=no">`](https://developer.apple.com/library/archive/documentation/AppleApplications/Reference/SafariHTMLRef/Articles/MetaTags.html).
* Avoid development/stage websites "leaking" into SERPs (search engine results
page) by [implementing X-Robots-tag
headers](https://github.com/h5bp/html5-boilerplate/issues/804).
## News Feeds
### RSS
Have an RSS feed? Link to it here. Want to [learn how to write an RSS feed from
scratch](http://www.rssboard.org/rss-specification)?
```html
<link rel="alternate" type="application/rss+xml" title="RSS" href="/rss.xml">
```
### Atom
Atom is similar to RSS, and you might prefer to use it instead of or in
addition to it. [See what Atom's all
about](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atom_(Web_standard)).
```html
<link rel="alternate" type="application/atom+xml" title="Atom" href="/atom.xml">
```
### Pingbacks
Your server may be notified when another site links to yours. The href
attribute should contain the location of your pingback service.
```html
<link rel="pingback" href="">
```
* High-level explanation: https://codex.wordpress.org/Introduction_to_Blogging#Pingbacks
* Step-by-step example case: https://www.hixie.ch/specs/pingback/pingback-1.0#TOC5
* PHP pingback service: https://web.archive.org/web/20131211032834/http://blog.perplexedlabs.com/2009/07/15/xmlrpc-pingbacks-using-php/
## Social Networks
### Facebook Open Graph data
You can control the information that Facebook and others display when users
share your site. Below are just the most basic data points you might need. For
specific content types (including "website"), see [Facebook's built-in Open
Graph content
templates](https://developers.facebook.com/docs/sharing/opengraph/using-objects).
Take full advantage of Facebook's support for complex data and activity by
following the [Open Graph
tutorial](https://developers.facebook.com/docs/sharing/webmasters/getting-started).
For a reference of Open Graph's markup and properties, you may check
[Facebook's Open Graph Protocol reference](https://ogp.me). Finally,
you can validate your markup with the [Facebook Object
Debugger](https://developers.facebook.com/tools/debug/) (needs
registration to Facebook).
```html
<meta property="fb:app_id" content="123456789">
<meta property="og:url" content="https://www.example.com/path/to/page.html">
<meta property="og:type" content="website">
<meta property="og:title" content="">
<meta property="og:image" content="https://www.example.com/path/to/image.jpg">
<meta property="og:description" content="">
<meta property="og:site_name" content="">
<meta property="article:author" content="">
```
### Twitter Cards
Twitter provides a snippet specification that serves a similar purpose to Open
Graph. In fact, Twitter will use Open Graph when Cards is not available. You
can read more about the various snippet formats and application process in the
[official Twitter Cards documentation](https://developer.twitter.com/en/docs/tweets/optimize-with-cards/overview/abouts-cards),
and you can validate your markup with the [Card validator](https://cards-dev.twitter.com/validator)
(needs registration to Twitter).
```html
<meta name="twitter:card" content="summary">
<meta name="twitter:site" content="@site_account">
<meta name="twitter:creator" content="@individual_account">
<meta name="twitter:url" content="https://www.example.com/path/to/page.html">
<meta name="twitter:title" content="">
<meta name="twitter:description" content="">
<meta name="twitter:image" content="https://www.example.com/path/to/image.jpg">
```
### Schema.org
Google also provides a snippet specification that serves a similar
purpose to Facebook's Open Graph or Twitter Cards. This metadata is a subset
of [schema.org's microdata vocabulary](https://schema.org/), which
covers many other schemas that can describe the content of your pages
to search engines. For this reason, this metadata is more generic for
SEO, notably for Google's search-engine, although this vocabulary is
also used by Microsoft, Pinterest and Yandex.
You can validate your markup with the [Structured Data Testing
Tool](https://developers.google.com/structured-data/testing-tool/).
Also, please note that this markup requires to add attributes to your
top `html` tag.
```html
<html class="no-js" lang="" itemscope itemtype="https://schema.org/Article">
<head>
<link rel="author" href="">
<link rel="publisher" href="">
<meta itemprop="name" content="">
<meta itemprop="description" content="">
<meta itemprop="image" content="">
```
## URLs
### Canonical URL
Signal to search engines and others "Use this URL for this page!" Useful when
parameters after a `#` or `?` is used to control the display state of a page.
`https://www.example.com/cart.html?shopping-cart-open=true` can be indexed as
the cleaner, more accurate `https://www.example.com/cart.html`.
```html
<link rel="canonical" href="">
```
### Separate mobile URLs
If you use separate URLs for desktop and mobile users, you should consider
helping search engine algorithms better understand the configuration on your
web site.
This can be done by adding the following annotations in your HTML pages:
* on the desktop page, add the `link rel="alternate"` tag pointing to the
corresponding mobile URL, e.g.:
`<link rel="alternate" media="only screen and (max-width: 640px)" href="https://m.example.com/page.html" >`
* on the mobile page, add the `link rel="canonical"` tag pointing to the
corresponding desktop URL, e.g.:
`<link rel="canonical" href="https://www.example.com/page.html">`
For more information please see:
* https://developers.google.com/search/mobile-sites/mobile-seo/separate-urls
## Web Apps
There are a couple of meta tags that provide information about a web app when
added to the Home Screen on iOS:
* Adding `apple-mobile-web-app-capable` will make your web app chrome-less and
provide the default iOS app view. You can control the color scheme of the
default view by adding `apple-mobile-web-app-status-bar-style`.
```html
<meta name="apple-mobile-web-app-capable" content="yes">
<meta name="apple-mobile-web-app-status-bar-style" content="black">
```
* You can use `apple-mobile-web-app-title` to add a specific sites name for the
Home Screen icon. This works since iOS 6.
```html
<meta name="apple-mobile-web-app-title" content="">
```
For further information please read the [official
documentation](https://developer.apple.com/library/safari/#documentation/AppleApplications/Reference/SafariHTMLRef/Articles/MetaTags.html)
on Apple's site.
### Apple Touch Icons
Apple touch icons are used as icons when a user adds your webapp to the home
screen of aniOS devices.
Though the dimensions of the icon can vary between iOS devices and versions
one `180×180px` touch icon named `icon.png` and including the following in
the `<head>` of the page is enough:
```html
<link rel="apple-touch-icon" href="icon.png">
```
For a more comprehensive overview, please refer to Mathias' [article on Touch
Icons](https://mathiasbynens.be/notes/touch-icons).
### Apple Touch Startup Image
Apart from that it is possible to add start-up screens for web apps on iOS. This
basically works by defining `apple-touch-startup-image` with an according link
to the image. Since iOS devices have different screen resolutions it maybe
necessary to add media queries to detect which image to load. Here is an
example for an iPhone:
```html
<link rel="apple-touch-startup-image" media="(max-device-width: 480px) and (-webkit-min-device-pixel-ratio: 2)" href="img/startup.png">
```
### Chrome Mobile web apps
Chrome Mobile has a specific meta tag for making apps [installable to the
homescreen](https://developer.chrome.com/multidevice/android/installtohomescreen)
which tries to be a more generic replacement to Apple's proprietary meta tag:
```html
<meta name="mobile-web-app-capable" content="yes">
```
Same applies to the touch icons:
```html
<link rel="icon" sizes="192x192" href="highres-icon.png">
```
### Theme Color
You can add the [`theme-color` meta extension](https://html.spec.whatwg.org/multipage/semantics.html#meta-theme-color)
in the `<head>` of your pages to suggest the color that browsers and
OSes should use if they customize the display of individual pages in
their UIs with varying colors.
```html
<meta name="theme-color" content="#ff69b4">
```
The `content` attribute extension can take any valid CSS color.
Currently, the `theme-color` meta extension is supported by [Chrome 39+
for Android Lollipop](https://developers.google.com/web/updates/2014/11/Support-for-theme-color-in-Chrome-39-for-Android).
## security.txt
When security risks in web services are discovered by users they often lack the
channels to disclose them properly. As a result, security issues may be left unreported.
Security.txt defines a standard to help organizations define the process for
users to disclose security vulnerabilities securely. Include a text
file on your server at `.well-known/security.txt` with the relevant contact details.
Check [https://securitytxt.org/](https://securitytxt.org/) for more details.

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[HTML5 Boilerplate homepage](https://html5boilerplate.com/) | [Documentation
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# Frequently asked questions
* [Why is the Google Analytics code at the bottom? Google recommends it be
placed in the `<head>`.](#why-is-the-google-analytics-code-at-the-bottom-google-recommends-it-be-placed-in-the-head)
* [Do I need to upgrade my site each time a new version of HTML5 Boilerplate is
released?](#do-i-need-to-upgrade-my-site-each-time-a-new-version-of-html5-boilerplate-is-released)
* [Where can I get help with support
questions?](#where-can-i-get-help-with-support-questions)
---
### Why is the Google Analytics code at the bottom? Google recommends it be placed in the `<head>`.
The main advantage of placing it in the `<head>` is that you will track the
user's `pageview` even if they leave the page before it has been fully loaded.
Here's a handy quote from [Mathias Bynens](https://mathiasbynens.be/notes/async-analytics-snippet#comment-50) about our placement choice.
>I should point out that it’s Google — not me — recommending to place this
script before all other scripts in the document. The only real advantage is to
catch a pageView call if your page fails to load completely (for example, if
the user aborts loading, or quickly closes the page, etc.). Personally, I
wouldn’t count that as a page view, so I actually prefer to place this script
at the bottom, after all other scripts. This keeps all the scripts together and
reinforces that scripts at the bottom are the right move. (Usually I
concatenate and minify all my scripts into one .js file — the GA snippet being
the suffix.)
### Do I need to upgrade my site each time a new version of HTML5 Boilerplate is released?
No, just as you don't normally replace the foundation of a house once it
was built. However, there is nothing stopping you from trying to work in the
latest changes, but you'll have to assess the costs/benefits of doing so.
### Where can I get help with support questions?
Please ask for help on
[StackOverflow](https://stackoverflow.com/questions/tagged/html5boilerplate).

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[HTML5 Boilerplate homepage](https://html5boilerplate.com/) | [Documentation
table of contents](TOC.md)
# The HTML
By default, HTML5 Boilerplate provides two `html` pages:
* [`index.html`](#indexhtml) - a default HTML skeleton that should form the
basis of all pages on your website
* `404.html` - a placeholder 404 error page
## `index.html`
### The `no-js` Class
The `no-js` class is provided in order to allow you to more easily and
explicitly add custom styles based on whether JavaScript is disabled
(`.no-js`) or enabled (`.js`). Using this technique also helps [avoid the
FOUC](https://www.paulirish.com/2009/avoiding-the-fouc-v3/).
## Language Attribute
Please consider specifying the language of your content by adding a [value](https://www.iana.org/assignments/language-subtag-registry/language-subtag-registry) to the `lang`
attribute in the `<html>` as in this example:
```html
<html class="no-js" lang="en">
```
### The order of the `<title>` and `<meta>` tags
The charset declaration (`<meta charset="utf-8">`) must be included completely
within the [first 1024 bytes of the document](https://www.whatwg.org/specs/web-apps/current-work/multipage/semantics.html#charset)
and should be specified as early as possible (before any content that could
be controlled by an attacker, such as a `<title>` element) in order to avoid a
potential [encoding-related security issue](https://code.google.com/archive/p/doctype-mirror/wikis/ArticleUtf7.wiki)
in Internet Explorer
## Meta Description
The `description` meta tag provides a short description of the page.
In some situations this description is used as a part of the snippet
shown in the search results.
```html
<meta name="description" content="This is a description">
```
Google's [Create good meta descriptions](https://support.google.com/webmasters/answer/35624?hl=en#meta-descriptions)
documentation has useful tips on creating an effective description.
## Mobile Viewport
There are a few different options that you can use with the [`viewport` meta
tag](https://docs.google.com/present/view?id=dkx3qtm_22dxsrgcf4 "Viewport and
Media Queries - The Complete Idiot's Guide"). You can find out more in [the
MDN Web Docs](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Mozilla/Mobile/Viewport_meta_tag).
HTML5 Boilerplate comes with a simple setup that strikes a good balance for general use cases.
```html
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1">
```
If you want to take advantage of edge-to-edge displays of iPhone X/XS/XR you can do
so with additional viewport parameters. [Check the WebKit blog](https://webkit.org/blog/7929/designing-websites-for-iphone-x/)
for details.
## Web App Manifest
HTML5 Boilerplate includes a simple web app manifest file.
The web app manifest is a simple JSON file that allows you to control how your
app appears on a device's home screen, what it looks like when it launches
in that context and what happens when it is launched. This allows for much greater
control over the UI of a saved site or web app on a mobile device.
It's linked to from the HTML as follows:
```html
<link rel="manifest" href="site.webmanifest">
```
Our [site.webmanifest](https://github.com/h5bp/html5-boilerplate/blob/master/src/site.webmanifest) contains a very skeletal "app" definition, just to show the basic usage.
You should fill this file out with [more information about your site or application](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/Manifest)
## Favicons and Touch Icon
The shortcut icons should be put in the root directory of your site. `favicon.ico`
is automatically picked up by browsers if it's placed in the root. HTML5
Boilerplate comes with a default set of icons (include favicon and one Apple
Touch Icon) that you can use as a baseline to create your own.
Please refer to the more detailed description in the [Extend section](extend.md)
of these docs.
## The Content Area
The central part of the boilerplate template is pretty much empty. This is
intentional, in order to make the boilerplate suitable for both web page and
web app development.
### Browser Upgrade Prompt
The main content area of the boilerplate includes a prompt to install an up to
date browser for users of IE 9 and lower. If you intended to support IE, then you
should edit or remove the snippet of code.
## Modernizr
HTML5 Boilerplate uses a custom build of Modernizr.
[Modernizr](https://modernizr.com/) is a JavaScript library which adds classes to
the `html` element based on the results of feature test and which ensures that
all browsers can make use of HTML5 elements (as it includes the HTML5 Shiv).
This allows you to target parts of your CSS and JavaScript based on the
features supported by a browser.
Starting with version 3 Modernizr can be customized using the [modernizr-config.json](https://github.com/h5bp/html5-boilerplate/blob/master/modernizr-config.json) and the
[Modernizr command line utility](https://www.npmjs.com/package/modernizr-cli).
## What About Polyfills?
If you need to include [polyfills](https://remysharp.com/2010/10/08/what-is-a-polyfill)
in your project, you must make sure those load before any other JavaScript. If you're
using a polyfill CDN service, like [cdn.polyfill.io](https://cdn.polyfill.io/),
just put it before the other scripts in the bottom of the page:
```html
<script src="js/vendor/modernizr-3.8.0.min.js"></script>
<script src="https://cdn.polyfill.io/v3/polyfill.min.js"></script>
<script src="https://code.jquery.com/jquery-3.4.1.min.js" integrity="sha256-CSXorXvZcTkaix6Yvo6HppcZGetbYMGWSFlBw8HfCJo=" crossorigin="anonymous"></script>
<script>window.jQuery || document.write('<script src="js/vendor/jquery-3.4.1.min.js"><\/script>')</script>
<script src="js/plugins.js"></script>
<script src="js/main.js"></script>
</body>
```
If you like to just include the polyfills yourself, you could include them in
`js/plugins.js`. When you have a bunch of polyfills to load in, you could
also create a `polyfills.js` file in the `js/vendor` directory or include the files
individually and combine them using a build tool. Always ensure that the polyfills
are all loaded before any other JavaScript.
There are some misconceptions about Modernizr and polyfills. It's important
to understand that Modernizr just handles feature checking, not polyfilling
itself. The only thing Modernizr does regarding polyfills is that the team
maintains [a huge list of cross Browser polyfills](https://github.com/Modernizr/Modernizr/wiki/HTML5-Cross-Browser-Polyfills).
### jQuery CDN for jQuery
The jQuery CDN version of the jQuery JavaScript library is referenced towards
the bottom of the page. A local fallback of jQuery is included for rare instances
when the CDN version might not be available, and to facilitate offline
development.
The jQuery CDN version was chosen over other potential candidates
([like Google's Hosted Libraries](https://developers.google.com/speed/libraries/))
because it's fast ([comparable or faster than Google by some
measures](https://www.cdnperf.com/#jsdelivr,cdnjs,google,yandex,microsoft,jquery,bootstrapcdn/https/90))
and, (unlike Google's CDN) is available to China's hundreds of millions of internet users.
For many years we [chose](https://github.com/h5bp/html5-boilerplate/issues/1191)
the Google Hosted version over the jQuery CDN because it was available
over HTTPS (the jQuery CDN was not,) and it offered a better chance of
hitting the cache lottery owing to the popularity of the Google CDN.
The first issue is no longer valid and the second is far outweighed by
being able to serve jQuery to users in China.
While the jQuery CDN is a strong default solution your site or application may
require a different configuration. Testing your site with services like
[WebPageTest](https://www.webpagetest.org/) and browser tools like
[PageSpeed Insights](https://developers.google.com/speed/pagespeed/insights/) will help you examine the real
world performance of your site and can show where you can optimize your specific
site or application.
### Google Universal Analytics Tracking Code
Finally, an optimized version of the Google Universal Analytics tracking code is
included.
We use `analytics.js` rather than the newer `gtag.js` as
[it's faster and supports tasks and plugins](https://github.com/philipwalton/analyticsjs-boilerplate/issues/19#issuecomment-333714370)
The beacon transport mechanism is used to send all hits [which saves HTTP requests and improves performance](https://philipwalton.com/articles/the-google-analytics-setup-i-use-on-every-site-i-build/#loading-analytics.js).
Google recommends that this script be placed at the top of the page.
Factors to consider: if you place this script at the top of the page, you’ll
be able to count users who don’t fully load the page, and you’ll incur the max
number of simultaneous connections of the browser.
Further information:
- [Introduction to
Analytics.js](https://developers.google.com/analytics/devguides/collection/analyticsjs/)
- [Google Analytics Demos & Tools](https://ga-dev-tools.appspot.com/)
**N.B.** The Google Analytics snippet is included by default mainly
because Google Analytics is [currently one of the most popular tracking
solutions](https://trends.builtwith.com/analytics/Google-Analytics) out there.
However, its usage isn't set in stone, and you SHOULD consider exploring the
[alternatives](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_web_analytics_software)
and use whatever suits your needs best.

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[HTML5 Boilerplate homepage](https://html5boilerplate.com/) | [Documentation
table of contents](TOC.md)
# The JavaScript
Information about the default JavaScript included in the project.
## main.js
This file can be used to contain or reference your site/app JavaScript code.
If you're working on something more advanced you might replace this file
entirely. That's cool.
## plugins.js
This file can be used to contain all your plugins, such as jQuery plugins and
other 3rd party scripts for a simple site.
One approach is to put jQuery plugins inside of a `(function($){ ...
})(jQuery);` closure to make sure they're in the jQuery namespace safety
blanket. Read more about [jQuery plugin
authoring](https://learn.jquery.com/plugins/#Getting_Started).
By default the `plugins.js` file contains a small script to avoid `console`
errors in browsers that lack a `console`. The script will make sure that, if
a console method isn't available, that method will have the value of empty
function, thus, preventing the browser from throwing an error.
## vendor
This directory can be used to contain all 3rd party library code.
Minified versions of the latest jQuery and Modernizr libraries are included by
default. You may wish to create your own [custom Modernizr
build with the online builder](https://modernizr.com/download/) or [command
line tool](https://modernizr.com/docs#command-line-config).

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[HTML5 Boilerplate homepage](https://html5boilerplate.com/) | [Documentation
table of contents](TOC.md)
# Miscellaneous
* [.gitignore](#gitignore)
* [.editorconfig](#editorconfig)
* [Server Configuration](#server-configuration)
* [robots.txt](#robotstxt)
* [humans.txt](#humanstxt)
* [browserconfig.xml](#browserconfigxml)
--
## .gitignore
HTML5 Boilerplate includes a basic project-level `.gitignore`. This should
primarily be used to avoid certain project-level files and directories from
being kept under source control. Different development-environments will
benefit from different collections of ignores.
OS-specific and editor-specific files should be ignored using a "global
ignore" that applies to all repositories on your system.
For example, add the following to your `~/.gitconfig`, where the `.gitignore`
in your HOME directory contains the files and directories you'd like to
globally ignore:
```gitignore
[core]
excludesfile = ~/.gitignore
```
* More on global ignores: https://help.github.com/articles/ignoring-files/
* Comprehensive set of ignores on GitHub: https://github.com/github/gitignore
## .editorconfig
The `.editorconfig` file is provided in order to encourage and help you and
your team define and maintain consistent coding styles between different
editors and IDEs.
By default, `.editorconfig` includes some basic
[properties](https://editorconfig.org/#supported-properties) that reflect the
coding styles from the files provided by default, but you can easily change
them to better suit your needs.
In order for your editor/IDE to apply the
[properties](https://editorconfig.org/#supported-properties) from the
`.editorconfig` file, you may need to [install a
plugin]( https://editorconfig.org/#download).
__N.B.__ If you aren't using the server configurations provided by HTML5
Boilerplate, we highly encourage you to configure your server to block
access to `.editorconfig` files, as they can disclose sensitive information!
For more details, please refer to the [EditorConfig
project](https://editorconfig.org/).
## Server Configuration
H5BP includes a [`.htaccess`](#htaccess) file for the [Apache HTTP
server](https://httpd.apache.org/docs/). If you are not using Apache
as your web server, then you are encouraged to download a
[server configuration](https://github.com/h5bp/server-configs) that
corresponds to your web server and environment.
A `.htaccess` (hypertext access) file is an [Apache HTTP server
configuration file](https://github.com/h5bp/server-configs-apache).
The `.htaccess` file is mostly used for:
* Rewriting URLs
* Controlling cache
* Authentication
* Server-side includes
* Redirects
* Gzipping
If you have access to the main server configuration file (usually called
`httpd.conf`), you should add the logic from the `.htaccess` file in, for
example, a <Directory> section in the main configuration file. This is usually
the recommended way, as using .htaccess files slows down Apache!
To enable Apache modules locally, please see:
https://github.com/h5bp/server-configs-apache#enable-apache-httpd-modules.
In the repo the `.htaccess` is used for:
* Allowing cross-origin access to web fonts
* CORS header for images when browsers request it
* Enable `404.html` as 404 error document
* Making the website experience better for IE users better
* Media UTF-8 as character encoding for `text/html` and `text/plain`
* Enabling the rewrite URLs engine
* Forcing or removing the `www.` at the begin of a URL
* It blocks access to directories without a default document
* It blocks access to files that can expose sensitive information.
* It reduces MIME type security risks
* It forces compressing (gzipping)
* It tells the browser whether they should request a specific file from the
server or whether they should grab it from the browser's cache
When using `.htaccess` we recommend reading all inline comments (the rules after
a `#`) in the file once. There is a bunch of optional stuff in it.
If you want to know more about the `.htaccess` file check out the
[Apache HTTP server docs](https://httpd.apache.org/docs/) or more
specifically the [htaccess
section](https://httpd.apache.org/docs/current/howto/htaccess.html).
Notice that the original repo for the `.htaccess` file is [this
one](https://github.com/h5bp/server-configs-apache).
## robots.txt
The `robots.txt` file is used to give instructions to web robots on what can
be crawled from the website.
By default, the file provided by this project includes the next two lines:
* `User-agent: *` - the following rules apply to all web robots
* `Disallow:` - everything on the website is allowed to be crawled
If you want to disallow certain pages you will need to specify the path in a
`Disallow` directive (e.g.: `Disallow: /path`) or, if you want to disallow
crawling of all content, use `Disallow: /`.
The `/robots.txt` file is not intended for access control, so don't try to
use it as such. Think of it as a "No Entry" sign, rather than a locked door.
URLs disallowed by the `robots.txt` file might still be indexed without being
crawled, and the content from within the `robots.txt` file can be viewed by
anyone, potentially disclosing the location of your private content! So, if
you want to block access to private content, use proper authentication instead.
For more information about `robots.txt`, please see:
* [robotstxt.org](https://www.robotstxt.org/)
* [How Google handles the `robots.txt` file](https://developers.google.com/webmasters/control-crawl-index/docs/robots_txt)
## humans.txt
The `humans.txt` file is used to provide information about people involved with
the website.
The provided file contains three sections:
* `TEAM` - this is intended to list the group of people responsible for the website
* `THANKS` - this is intended to list the group of people that have contributed
to the website
* `TECHNOLOGY COLOPHON` - the section lists technologies used to make the website
For more information about `humans.txt`, please see: http://humanstxt.org/
## browserconfig.xml
The `browserconfig.xml` file is used to customize the tile displayed when users
pin your site to the Windows 8.1 start screen. In there you can define custom
tile colors, custom images or even [live tiles](https://msdn.microsoft.com/library/dn455106.aspx#CreatingLiveTiles).
By default, the file points to 2 placeholder tile images:
* `tile.png` (558x558px): used for `Small`, `Medium` and `Large` tiles.
This image resizes automatically when necessary.
* `tile-wide.png` (558x270px): user for `Wide` tiles.
Notice that IE11 uses the same images when adding a site to the `favorites`.
For more in-depth information about the `browserconfig.xml` file, please
see [MSDN](https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/previous-versions/windows/internet-explorer/ie-developer/platform-apis/dn320426(v=vs.85)).

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[HTML5 Boilerplate homepage](https://html5boilerplate.com/) | [Documentation
table of contents](TOC.md)
# Usage
The most basic usage of HTML5 Boilerplate is to create a static site or simple
app. Once you've downloaded or cloned the project, that process looks something
like this:
1. Set up the basic structure of the site.
2. Add some content, style, and functionality.
3. Run your site locally to see how it looks.
4. Deploy your site.
Cool, right? _It is_. That said, the smart defaults, baseline elements, default
attribute values and various other utilities that HTML5 Boilerplate offers can
serve as the foundation for whatever you're interested in building.
Even the basic use-case of a simple static site can be enhanced by manipulating
the code through an automated build process. Moving up in complexity HTML5
Boilerplate can be integrated with whatever front-end framework, CMS or
e-commerce platform you're working with. Mix-and-match to your heart's content.
Use what you need (toss it in a blender if you need to) and discard the rest.
HTML5 Boilerplate is a starting point, not a destination.
## Basic structure
A basic HTML5 Boilerplate site initially looks something like this:
```
.
├── css
│ ├── main.css
│ └── normalize.css
├── doc
├── img
├── js
│ ├── main.js
│ ├── plugins.js
│ └── vendor
│ ├── jquery.min.js
│ └── modernizr.min.js
├── .editorconfig
├── .htaccess
├── 404.html
├── browserconfig.xml
├── favicon.ico
├── humans.txt
├── icon.png
├── index.html
├── robots.txt
├── site.webmanifest
├── tile.png
└── tile-wide.png
```
What follows is a general overview of each major part and how to use them.
### css
This directory should contain all your project's CSS files. It includes some
initial CSS to help get you started from a solid foundation. [About the
CSS](css.md).
### doc
This directory contains all the HTML5 Boilerplate documentation. You can use it
as the location and basis for your own project's documentation.
### js
This directory should contain all your project's JS files. Libraries, plugins,
and custom code can all be included here. It includes some initial JS to help
get you started. [About the JavaScript](js.md).
### .htaccess
The default web server configs are for Apache. For more information, please
refer to the [Apache Server Configs
repository](https://github.com/h5bp/server-configs-apache).
Host your site on a server other than Apache? You're likely to find the
corresponding server configs project listed in our [Server Configs
](https://github.com/h5bp/server-configs/blob/master/README.md) repository.
### 404.html
A helpful custom 404 to get you started.
### browserconfig.xml
This file contains all settings regarding custom tiles for IE11 and Edge.
For more info on this topic, please refer to
[Microsoft's Docs](https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/previous-versions/windows/internet-explorer/ie-developer/platform-apis/dn320426(v=vs.85)).
### .editorconfig
The `.editorconfig` file is provided in order to encourage and help you and
your team to maintain consistent coding styles between different
editors and IDEs. [Read more about the `.editorconfig` file](misc.md#editorconfig).
### index.html
This is the default HTML skeleton that should form the basis of all pages on
your site. If you are using a server-side templating framework, then you will
need to integrate this starting HTML with your setup.
Make sure that you update the URLs for the referenced CSS and JavaScript if you
modify the directory structure at all.
If you are using Google Universal Analytics, make sure that you edit the
corresponding snippet at the bottom to include your analytics ID.
### humans.txt
Edit this file to include the team that worked on your site/app, and the
technology powering it.
### robots.txt
Edit this file to include any pages you need hidden from search engines.
### Icons
Replace the default `favicon.ico`, `tile.png`, `tile-wide.png` and Apple
Touch Icon with your own.
If you want to use different Apple Touch Icons for different resolutions please
refer to the [according documentation](extend.md#apple-touch-icons).

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# humanstxt.org/
# The humans responsible & technology colophon
# TEAM
<name> -- <role> -- <twitter>
# THANKS
<name>
# TECHNOLOGY COLOPHON
CSS3, HTML5
Apache Server Configs, jQuery, Modernizr, Normalize.css

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<!doctype html>
<html class="no-js" lang="">
<head>
<meta charset="utf-8">
<title></title>
<meta name="description" content="">
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1">
<link rel="manifest" href="site.webmanifest">
<link rel="apple-touch-icon" href="icon.png">
<!-- Place favicon.ico in the root directory -->
<link rel="stylesheet" href="css/normalize.css">
<link rel="stylesheet" href="css/main.css">
<link href="https://vjs.zencdn.net/7.7.5/video-js.css" rel="stylesheet" />
<meta name="theme-color" content="#fafafa">
</head>
<body>
<!--[if IE]>
<p class="browserupgrade">You are using an <strong>outdated</strong> browser. Please <a href="https://browsehappy.com/">upgrade your browser</a> to improve your experience and security.</p>
<![endif]-->
<!-- Add your site or application content here -->
<p>Hello world! This is HTML5 Boilerplate.</p>
<script src="js/vendor/modernizr-3.8.0.min.js"></script>
<script src="https://code.jquery.com/jquery-3.4.1.min.js"
integrity="sha256-CSXorXvZcTkaix6Yvo6HppcZGetbYMGWSFlBw8HfCJo=" crossorigin="anonymous"></script>
<script>window.jQuery || document.write('<script src="js/vendor/jquery-3.4.1.min.js"><\/script>')</script>
<script src="js/plugins.js"></script>
<script src="js/main.js"></script>
<video id="my-video" class="video-js" controls preload="auto" width="640" height="264" poster="MY_VIDEO_POSTER.jpg autoplay"
data-setup="{}">
<source
src="http://localhost/hls/hls1.m3u8"
type="application/x-mpegURL">
<p class="vjs-no-js">
To view this video please enable JavaScript, and consider upgrading to a
web browser that
<a href="https://videojs.com/html5-video-support/" target="_blank">supports HTML5 video</a>
</p>
</video>
<video id="my-video" class="video-js" controls preload="auto" width="640" height="264" poster="MY_VIDEO_POSTER.jpg autoplay"
data-setup="{}">
<source
src="http://localhost/hls/hls2.m3u8"
type="application/x-mpegURL">
<p class="vjs-no-js">
To view this video please enable JavaScript, and consider upgrading to a
web browser that
<a href="https://videojs.com/html5-video-support/" target="_blank">supports HTML5 video</a>
</p>
</video>
<video id="my-video" class="video-js" controls preload="auto" width="640" height="264" poster="MY_VIDEO_POSTER.jpg autoplay"
data-setup="{}">
<source
src="http://localhost/hls/hls3.m3u8"
type="application/x-mpegURL">
<p class="vjs-no-js">
To view this video please enable JavaScript, and consider upgrading to a
web browser that
<a href="https://videojs.com/html5-video-support/" target="_blank">supports HTML5 video</a>
</p>
</video>
<script src="https://vjs.zencdn.net/7.7.5/video.js"></script>
</body>
</html>

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// Avoid `console` errors in browsers that lack a console.
(function() {
var method;
var noop = function () {};
var methods = [
'assert', 'clear', 'count', 'debug', 'dir', 'dirxml', 'error',
'exception', 'group', 'groupCollapsed', 'groupEnd', 'info', 'log',
'markTimeline', 'profile', 'profileEnd', 'table', 'time', 'timeEnd',
'timeline', 'timelineEnd', 'timeStamp', 'trace', 'warn'
];
var length = methods.length;
var console = (window.console = window.console || {});
while (length--) {
method = methods[length];
// Only stub undefined methods.
if (!console[method]) {
console[method] = noop;
}
}
}());
// Place any jQuery/helper plugins in here.

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# www.robotstxt.org/
# Allow crawling of all content
User-agent: *
Disallow:

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{
"short_name": "",
"name": "",
"icons": [{
"src": "icon.png",
"type": "image/png",
"sizes": "192x192"
}],
"start_url": "/?utm_source=homescreen",
"background_color": "#fafafa",
"theme_color": "#fafafa"
}

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